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Netizen

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/netizen" class="extiw external" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/netizen">netizen</a> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div>

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The term netizen is a <a href="Portmanteau" class="mw-redirect" title="Portmanteau">portmanteau</a> of the <a href="English_language" title="English language">English</a> words <a href="Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> and <a href="Citizen" class="mw-redirect" title="Citizen">citizen</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Vendetti2020-1">[1]</a> as in a "citizen of the net" or "net citizen."<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> It describes a person<a href="#cite_note-amelia-5">[5]</a> actively involved in <a href="Online_community" title="Online community">online communities</a> or the Internet in general.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hauben-7">[7]</a>

The term also commonly implies an interest and active engagement in improving the internet, making it an intellectual and a social resource,<a href="#cite_note-amelia-5">[5]</a> or its surrounding political structures, especially in regard to <a href="Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a>, <a href="Net_neutrality" title="Net neutrality">net neutrality</a> and <a href="Freedom_of_speech#The_Internet_and_information_society" title="Freedom of speech">free speech</a>.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> The term was widely adopted in the mid-1990s as a way to describe those who inhabit the new geography of the internet.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> Internet pioneer and author <a href="Michael_F._Hauben" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael F. Hauben">Michael F. Hauben</a> is credited with coining and popularizing the term.<a href="#cite_note-amelia-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-heise-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-regis-13">[13]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Determining_factor">Determining factor</h2></div>

In general, any individual who has access to the internet has the potential to be classified as a netizen. In the 21st century, this is made possible by the global connectivity of the internet. People can physically be located in one country but connected to most of the world via a global network.<a href="#cite_note-heise-12">[12]</a>

There is a clear distinction between netizens and people who come online to use the internet. A netizen is described as an individual who actively seek to contribute to the development of the internet.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Netizens are not individuals who go online for personal gain or profit, but instead actively seeks to make the internet a better place.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-heise-12">[12]</a>

A term used to classify internet users who do not actively contribute to the development of the internet is "<a href="Lurker" title="Lurker">lurker</a>". Lurkers cannot be classified as netizens, as although they do not actively harm the internet, they do not contribute either.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a>

Besides, lurkers seemed to be more critical of the technological elements enabling communities whereas posters appeared to be more critical of users who hampered community creation by making rude or unpleasant comments. Additionally, discussions indicate that both lurkers and posters had distinct motives for lurking and might modify their engagement behaviours based on how they understand the community from various online groups, despite the fact that engagement between those who post and those who lurk was different in the communities studied.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_China">In China</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="Internet_in_China" title="Internet in China">Internet in China</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">

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In <a href="Mandarin_Chinese" title="Mandarin Chinese">Mandarin Chinese</a>, the terms wǎngmín (<a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 网民; <a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 網民, literally "netizen" or "net folks") and wǎngyǒu (<a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">simplified Chinese</a>: 网友; <a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">traditional Chinese</a>: 網友, literally "net friend" or "net mate") are commonly used terms meaning "internet users", and the English word netizen is used by <a href="Mainland_China" title="Mainland China">mainland China</a>-based <a href="English_language" title="English language">English language</a> media to translate both terms, resulting in the frequent appearance of that English word in media reporting about China, far more frequently than the use of the word in other contexts.<a href="#cite_note-:0-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Netizen_Prize">Netizen Prize</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Reporters_Without_Borders#Netizen_Prize" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders § Netizen Prize</a></div>

The international nonprofit organisation <a href="Reporters_Without_Borders" title="Reporters Without Borders">Reporters Without Borders</a> awards an annual <a href="Reporters_Without_Borders#Netizen_Prize" title="Reporters Without Borders">Netizen Prize</a> in recognition to an internet user, <a href="Blogger" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogger">blogger</a>, <a href="Cyber-dissident" title="Cyber-dissident">cyber-dissident</a>, or group who has helped to promote freedom of expression on the internet.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a>

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<ul><li><a href="Digital_citizen" title="Digital citizen">Digital citizen</a> – citizens (of the physical space) using the Internet as a tool in order to engage in society, politics, and government participation<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li>

<li><a href="Digital_native" title="Digital native">Digital native</a> – a person who has grown up in the information age</li>

<li><a href="Netiquette" class="mw-redirect" title="Netiquette">Netiquette</a> – social conventions for online communities</li>

<li><a href="Cyberspace" title="Cyberspace">Cyberspace</a> – the new societal territory that is inhabited by Netizens</li>

<li><a href="Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_age" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet age">Internet age</a></li>

<li><a href="Internet_culture" title="Internet culture">Internet culture</a></li>

<li><a href="Network_society" title="Network society">Network society</a></li>

<li><a href="Active_citizenship" title="Active citizenship">Active citizenship</a> – the concept that citizens have certain roles and responsibilities to society and the environment and should actively participate</li>

<li><a href="Social_Age" title="Social Age">Social Age</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_Internet_pioneers" title="List of Internet pioneers">List of Internet pioneers</a> – those who helped erect the theoretical and technological foundation of the Internet (instead of improving its content, utility or political aspects)</li>

<li><a href="Participatory_culture" title="Participatory culture">Participatory culture</a> – a culture in which the public does not act merely as consumers and voters, but also as contributors, producers and active participants</li></ul>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFTyler_Vendetti2020" class="citation book cs1">Tyler Vendetti (March 3, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FabODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT70">The Illustrated Compendium of Weirdly Specific Words: Including Bumbledom, Jumentous, Spaghettification, and More</a>. <a href="Simon_and_Schuster" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon and Schuster">Simon and Schuster</a>. pp. 70–. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1-73251-266-5</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507032245/https://books.google.com/books?id=FabODwAAQBAJ&pg=PT70">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved March 28, 2021.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFSeese2009" class="citation book cs1">Seese, Michael (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3noNR3IfSpgC&q=citizen+of+the+net&pg=PA130">Scrappy Information Security</a>. Happy About. p. 130. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1600051326</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170905151414/https://books.google.com/books?id=3noNR3IfSpgC&pg=PA130&lpg=PA130&dq=citizen+of+the+net">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHauben" class="citation web cs1">Hauben, Michael. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/CS/printing.txt">"The Expanding Commonwealth of Learning: Printing and the Net"</a>. columbia.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170501082710/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/CS/printing.txt">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2017. Retrieved June 5, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHauben1995" class="citation web cs1">Hauben, Michael F. (November 24, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/bbc95spch.txt">"The Netizens and Community Networks - Presented at the Hypernetwork '95 Beppu Bay Conference"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181009111930/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/bbc95spch.txt">Archived</a> from the original on October 9, 2018. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-amelia-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amelia_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-amelia_5-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-amelia_5-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFDeLoach1996" class="citation web cs1">DeLoach, Amelia (September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/callnet.html">"What Does it Mean to be a Netizen?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19970111062019/http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/callnet.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 1997. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/netizen">netizen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120421223939/http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/netizen">Archived</a> April 21, 2012, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Dictionary.com

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<li id="cite_note-Hauben-7"><a href="#cite_ref-Hauben_7-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x01">The Net and Netizens by Michael Hauben</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604214312/http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/ch106.x01">Archived</a> June 4, 2011, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Columbia University.

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<li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212636,00.html">"What is netizen? definition"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120429115816/http://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/0,,sid9_gci212636,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 29, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2011.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFThompson2014" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Steven John (April 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DBGXBQAAQBAJ&q=netizen+inhabit&pg=PA4">Global Issues and Ethical Considerations in Human Enhancement Technologies</a>. IGI Global. p. 4. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-1466660106</bdi>. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-heise-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-heise_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heise_12-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-heise_12-2">c</a> <cite id="CITEREFHorvath2001" class="citation web cs1">Horvath, John (July 27, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/9/9180/1.html">"Death of a Netizen"</a>. Heise Online. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924162800/http://www.heise.de/tp/artikel/9/9180/1.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-regis-13"><a href="#cite_ref-regis_13-0">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFOrlowski2001" class="citation web cs1">Orlowski, Andrew (June 30, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/30/michael_hauben_netizen_dies/">"Michael Hauben, Netizen mati, dies"</a>. The Register. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170810133714/https://www.theregister.co.uk/2001/06/30/michael_hauben_netizen_dies//">Archived</a> from the original on August 10, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easytechjunkie.com/what-is-a-netizen.htm">"What is a Netizen?"</a>. Easy Tech Junkie. Retrieved August 31, 2022.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHaubenHauben1997" class="citation book cs1">Hauben, Michael; Hauben, Ronda (May 11, 1997). "Preface: What is a Netizen". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/66/08186770/0818677066-1.pdf">Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet</a> (PDF). Wiley. pp. 2–3. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-8186-7706-9</bdi>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170212194809/http://media.johnwiley.com.au/product_data/excerpt/66/08186770/0818677066-1.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2017. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFDeLoach1996" class="citation web cs1">DeLoach, Amelia (September 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/netizen.html">"What is a Netizen?"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150710233024/http://www.december.com/cmc/mag/1996/sep/netizen.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:1-17"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_17-0">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/netizen-a-call.html">"The need for a Netizens Association"</a>. March 1996. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924053200/http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/netizen-a-call.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFHaubenHauben1995" class="citation journal cs1">Hauben, Michael; Hauben, Ronda (November 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/606/527">"What is a Netizen?"</a>. First Monday. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5210%2Ffm.v3i7.606">10.5210/fm.v3i7.606</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150709182603/http://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/606/527">Archived</a> from the original on July 9, 2015. Retrieved July 8, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFZhuDawson2023" class="citation journal cs1">Zhu, Jiawen; Dawson, Kara (April 5, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0144929x.2023.2196571">"Differences in sense of community and participation between lurkers and posters in informal online education-related communities"</a>. Behaviour & Information Technology. 43 (5): 929–942. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0144929x.2023.2196571">10.1080/0144929x.2023.2196571</a>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0144-929X">0144-929X</a>. <a href="S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:257993277">257993277</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-:0-20"><a href="#cite_ref-:0_20-0">^</a> Brian Fung, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/netizen-why-is-this-goofy-sounding-word-so-important-in-china/263245/">'Netizen': Why Is This Goofy-Sounding Word So Important in China?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171116002158/https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2012/10/netizen-why-is-this-goofy-sounding-word-so-important-in-china/263245/">Archived</a> November 16, 2017, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Atlantic, 11 October 2012

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<li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> Matt Schiavenza, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/09/enough-with-the-word-netizen/279969/">Enough with the word "Netizen"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180729043129/https://www.theatlantic.com/china/archive/2013/09/enough-with-the-word-netizen/279969/">Archived</a> July 29, 2018, at the <a href="Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>", The Atlantic, 25 September 2013

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<li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150628212148/http://en.rsf.org/nawaat-reporters-without-borders-11-03-2011%2C39776.html">"World Day Against Cyber-Censorship: new "Enemies of the Internet" list"</a>. rsf.org. March 11, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.rsf.org/nawaat-reporters-without-borders-11-03-2011,39776.html">the original</a> on June 28, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150421213301/http://en.rsf.org/netizen-prize-2012-27-02-2012%2C41938.html">"Netizen Prize 2012: nominees"</a>. February 27, 2012. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.rsf.org/netizen-prize-2012-27-02-2012,41938.html">the original</a> on April 21, 2015. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFManea2014" class="citation web cs1">Manea, Elham (November 5, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gmablog.org/2014/11/05/reporters-without-borders-award-raif-badawi-the-netizen-prize-for-2014/">"Reporters Without Borders award Raif Badawi the Netizen Prize for 2014"</a>. gmablog.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190215131344/https://gmablog.org/2014/11/05/reporters-without-borders-award-raif-badawi-the-netizen-prize-for-2014/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2019. Retrieved June 6, 2015.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> Mossberger, Karen. "Digital Citizenship - The Internet, Society and Participation" by <a href="Karen_Mossberger" title="Karen Mossberger">Karen Mossberger</a>, <a href="Caroline_Tolbert" title="Caroline Tolbert">Caroline J. Tolbert</a>, and Ramona S. McNeal. 23 November 2011. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0819456069</bdi>

</li>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div>

<ul><li><cite id="CITEREFHaubenHaubenTruscott1997" class="citation book cs1">Hauben, Michael; Hauben, Ronda; Truscott, Tom (April 27, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~rh120/">Netizens: On the History and Impact of Usenet and the Internet (Perspectives)</a>. Wiley-IEEE Computer Society P. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8186-7706-6</bdi>.</cite></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.columbia.edu/~hauben/text/WhatIsNetizen.html">The Mysterious Netizen</a></li></ul></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

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